Australia

Cofer 1) Location: Southern Hemisphere 2) Constitutional Monarchy with Federal divisions of power: Legislator, Judiciary and Executive Leader is the Prime Minister: Julia Gillard 3) Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Australian Antartic Territory, Australian Capital, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands, Jervis Bay Territory, New South Wales, Norfolk Island, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia : There are different States and Territories of Australia 4)
 * Part A**:
 * Neighbored by the island of Tasmania and other small islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans
 * Four different Topographic regions:
 * a low, sandy eastern coastal plain;
 * the eastern highlands, ranging from 300 to more than 2,100 m (1,000–7,000 ft) in altitude;
 * the central plains, consisting largely of a north-south series of drainage basins, including the Great Artesian Basin, which underlies about 1,751,480 sq km (676,250 sq mi) of territory
 * the western plateau, covered with great deserts and "bigger plains" (regularly spaced sand ridges and rocky wastes), rising 300 to 600 m (1,000–2,000 ft) high

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Major Language: English with distinctive accent 6) Population : 22,328,000 7) It is a MDC because most people have a high standard of living and the unemployment rate is at 4.2%.

3) Herbivore: Kangaroo Carnivore: Tiger Omnivores: Humans Decomposers: Earthworm Scavengers: Possum 4) []
 * Part B**: 1) Climate: Most of Australia is desert so it is very hot with little precipitation. Southeast and Southwest Australia are the only areas with temperate climates with fertile soil.

5) Southwest Australia is considered a hotspot of biodiversity. 6) Nonnative Species: Cane Toad, Specialized: Koala does not need to drink because it obtains most of its water by the leaves it eats. Indicator Species: Crayfish- if there will be less rainfall crayfish will not travel to wetlands during spring. Keystone Species: Acorn Banksia Tree- source of nectar for honeyeaters that pollinate many plants in Australia, if honey eater does not have a food source no plants will be pollinated. 7) Biomes: Savannah, Desert, and Tropical Rainforests 8) a) Honeyeaters and Nectar Eating Birds both live in the same ecosystem and both compete for Nectar producing trees. - Inter specific Competition b) Predator and Prey- The Red fox is the Hare’s Predator. c) Parasite and Host- Fleas or Ticks on Kangaroos. The Kangaroo is the host while the fleas or ticks are the parasite. d) Mutualism- Termites live in the Australian desert. Termites eat a lot of cellulose, but they can’t digest it themselves. They have flagellates that live in their guts that digest it for them. The termites get improved nutrition, while the flagellates get a home and a steady supply of food 9) Endangered Animals: Tasmanian Tiger and Tasmanian Kangaroo both animals have been overhunted. 10)Extinct Animals: Norfolk Starling because of competition from the European Starling and Dwarf Emu because of overhunting.

1) Rate of Growth- 1.5% 2) Doubling Time: 70/1.5= 47 years less than world at 61 years 3) Birth Rate- 1.2% Death Rate- .7% immigration rate-.603% emigration rate- 31% 5) Stage four demographic transition : when birth and death rates are both low 6) No family planning
 * Part C**: Human Population

1) Desert,Savannah, andTropicalRain Forest are the biomes 2) Freshwater, Marine, and Wetland biomes can be found in Australia. 3) Deforestation and release of greenhouse gases from industry are the main human impacts in these biomes 4) Swift Parrot, Glossy Black Cockatoo, Flying Fox, Bandicoot, Koala, Red Crown Toad – Endangered Species 5) 75% ofAustralia’s rainforests have been cut down so therefore the habitats of these animals are lost which leads to all of them dying off. 6) The Cane Toad was introduced to kill off the Cane Beetle but now it has been killing native animals with its toxins. Also, the Red Fox was introduced to attract hunters but now it kills off all the livestock. 7) Australian Endangered Species Act protects animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct.
 * Part D**: Biodiversity