Indonesia

Indonesia
Courtney Vaeth
 * Indonesia is located between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. 13,000 islands in Indonesia. Located along the equator between Asia, Austrailia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Topography: mainly coastal lowlands. Some of the larger islands of Indonesia are mountainous. Many of the mountains are volcanic. There are several crater lakes.



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 * Indonesia’s government is a Constitutional Republic. A constitutional republic is where the officials are elected as the representatives of the people and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens. The president of Indonesia is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.


 * Indonesia is divided into thirty three providences. Seven of the providences were established in 2000. The last of the providences was created in 2004. The providences are then divided into regencies.


 * The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. This is Indonesia's largest city. Surabaya is the second largest city. There are a lot of mountains, volcanos, and valleys. Being an archipelago, there are many gulfs, inlets, and streams. Indonesia has about 17,500 islands.

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 * The major language spoken in Indonesia is Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)


 * As of 2010, the population of Indonesia is 239,870,937.


 * Indonesia was a developing country, but now Indonesia is a transitional country. There are many infrastructure shortcomings, especially in the rural areas. Indonesia is on its way to becoming a developed country.


 * Indonesia has a tropical climate, mainly due to the fact that it is basically straddling the equator. The wet season is from November to March and the dry season is from April to October. The average humidity in Indonesia is 82%. The season rarely affects the temperature, the altitude does. At sea level the main temperature is about 80 degrees Fahrenheit.


 * The Sun Bear is a native species to Indonesia. They were names the Sun Bear because they have a patch of fur on their chests that was once thought to resemble the sun. Sun Bears are complete omnivores. They have long tongues that allow them to reach into trees and eat binsects and honey. They have been known to eat small birds and animals, but they have not been known to raid commercial crops.


 * Indonesia’s primary production comes from oil and natural gas. Also, 90% of the population is involved in agriculture. Indonesia is also a leading producer of wood, rubber, coffee, tea, tin, nickel, copper, and fish.


 * Indonesia contains a tropical forest with the highest level of plant and animal biodiversity known to science could be lost within 4 years if the current rate of logging continues. The Tesso Nilo forest is a very great hotspot for biodiversity in Indonesia.


 * An animal native to Indonesia is the Dingiso. It is currently listed as a vulnerable species. The locals refuse to hunt this animal because they consider it to be sacred. Unlike most kangaroos, the Dingiso spends most of its time on the ground. They are black and white with markings that change more and more as the animal matures. Their diet consists mostly of leaves. The Dingiso lives in the mountains and has a thick fur coat. It has been reported that they will approach humans without much hesitation.


 * The tropical rainforest biome and the desert biome are most closely realted to Indonesia than any other biome.


 * The Javan Rhinoceros is an endangered species in Indonesia. There are less that sixty surviving in the world. Poaching and pressure from the growing human population pose the greatest risk to their habitats. The Javan Rhinoceros is probably the rarest species of animals in the world. Another endangered species in Indonesia is the Sumatran Tiger. There are the only surviving Indonesian Tiger species. It is estimated that there are only about five hundred remaining. Destruction of their habitat by the pulp and paper industry has caused the most damage.


 * ====A species that has become extinct in Indonesia is the Javan Tiger. They lived on the island of Java, Indonesia. The tiger species became extinct because of poaching and development of agricultural land. his destroyed their habitat. The Javan Tiger was small compared to other tigers.====


 * ====The rate of growth in Indonesia is 1.069% (2011)====


 * ====The doubling time in Indonesia is 47 years. This is faster than the world's average (64.1 years).====


 * The birth rate is 22-27 per 1000. The death rate is 6-9 per 1000. The migration rate is -1.15 migrants per 1000. This data agrees with number one because while there are more people being born than people dying, there are more people leaving the country than are entering. There is a low growth rate, but the country is still growing at a rapid pace.


 * This graph indicates that the replacement rate in Indonesia is approximately 2.1. This is how many children it would take to replaceme the parents of the children in the popluation.


 * ====Indonesia is currently is stage 3 of demographic transition. This means that there is a low death rate with a declining birth rate. The poplutaion is still growing rapidly, though.====


 * For most women in Indonesia, the first time of sexual intercourse occurs during the time of marriage. This is not always a good thing because most women there are usually married and pregnant by the time they are 21. The most effective family planning is the use of contraceptives. This plan has not been very affective because a lot of women will not use contraception. They either do not trust the device or there was not a reliable supply of the contraception. The total fertility rate is declining, yet the total population is still growing.


 * ====Some endangered species in Indoesia are: -Asian Golden Cat -Babirusa- Wondiwoi Tree Kangaroo- Grizzled Leaf Monkey- Long-Beaked Echidna====


 * The Asian Golden Cat has been placed on the endangered species list because it was over hunted for its shiny reddish-brown fur. The Babirusa is endangered because it was over hunted for its meat and shot by farmers if it raided their fields. The Wondiwoi Tree Kangaroo is endangered because of over-hunting. They could possibly be extinct because there has not been a recent recorded siting over the past few years. The Grizzled Leaf Monkey is now endangered because of continuous habitat destruction. The Long-Beaked Echidna is endangered because of traditional hunting a loss of habitat.
 * There are many resources in Indonesia that are very important to humans. There are some, in particular, that are more important to others. Indonesia is the number one exporter in thermal coal. Swamplands in Indonesia are the most important land resource because of the development of rice fields. Another major resource is oil. A major crop that is produces is rice; many farmers produce rice in Indonesia.


 * ====The major exports of Indonesia are cotton apparel and natural rubber for home furnishings.====


 * ====The number one import of Indonesia is soybeans====


 * ====Some national parks in Indonesia are: Aketajawe-lolobata, Alasburwo, Balibarat, Baluran, Bantimurung-Bulusbarung, Batang Gadis, Berbak, Betung Kerihum, Tanjung Puting, Thousand Islands, Tesso Nilo, Togian Islands, Wasur, Way Kambas, Mount Rinjani, Lore Lindy, and Komodo.====


 * ====Permanent Irrigation of rice farms and slash and burn farming of rice, corn, and othe vegetation are the types of agriculture used in Indonesia. Cultivation of land is also used in Indonesia. 60% of the cultivated land is in Java.====


 * Indonesian farmers fight pests that destroy crops naturally. They experiment with natural ingredients and remedies to control the pest populations. A lot of farmers spray garlic and fungi on their crops to get rid of the bugs. By mashing up a combination of garlic, shallots, hot peppers and citrus skin into a paste and adding water, farmers have made a natural spray to protect their crops.


 * ====The condition of the water in Indonesia is very poor and unsanitary in most areas. This increases the susceptibility for the people to get water-related diseases, especially children. There is poor access to safe water and there are a lot of sicknesses within the communities.====


 * Only a little over half of Indonesia’s population obtained its water over 10 meters away from a disposal site. In non-urbanized areas of Indonesia, it is easy to obtain water, but hard to obtain clean water. It is usually flowing down streets or in a river. The problem is that the water is usually flowing close to an open toilet. The urbanized Indonesian communities get their water pumped from underground wells and springs near their homes.

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