Brazil

__Brazil__

 • Location:  • South America   • Neighboring countries are Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Columbia, Venezuela, etc.   • Topography: Amazon River, Amazon   • Government:   • Federal republic of 26 states and a district   • Their constitution provides the Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branch for their country   • Their President Lula was reelected on October 29, 2006   • States:   • Acre ,Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Brasília, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do NorteRio, Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, and Tocantins   • Population: 201 Million People   • Major Languages: Portugese Brazil is a transitional country, because it is emerging to be developed, but it is not quite there

 Brazil is home to many famous cities and landmarks, such as Rio de Janeiro, Amazon Rainforest, Brazilian Carnival in Rio, Copacabana Beach, Iguaza Falls, Teatro Amazonas, etc.



 • 5 Climatic Regions: equatorial, tropical, semi-arid, highland tropical, and subtropical  • The maximum rates of the primary production in the depth profiles ranged from 0.8 to 160.3 mgCm –2 h –1, for phytoplankton   • The Herbivores of Brazil are:  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> – Amazonian Manatees, American Manatees, Marsh Deer, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Carnivores are: <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> – Black-fronted Titi, Humpback whales, Spectacled bears, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Omnivores are: <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> – Black-faced Lion Tamarin, Red Uakari, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Hotspots of biodiversity: Amazon Rainforest, and the Atlantic Forest <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Indicator Species: The two toed sloth, gorilla, orangutan, spider monkey, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Keystone Species: Jaguar, Ocelot, Howler monkey, Harpy Eagle, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Native Species: Sloth, toucan, Anaconda, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Nonnative Species: Cane Toad, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Specialized Species: Spider monkey, Poison Dart Frog, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Interspecific competition: Anaconda and a Jaguar <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Predator and Prey: A Jaguar and a Monkey  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Parasite and Host: The Leaf Cutter and Parasitic Fly  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Mutualism: Brazil nut trees and the Agouti  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Commensalism: Antbirds and Army Ants  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Biomes: Tropical Rainforest (Amazon Rainforest) and Marine Biomes ( Coral reefs and Atlantic Ocean)  <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Humans have impacted the Amazon Rainforest negatively by deforesting it, stripping away approximately 732,000 square kilometers by 2005 <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazils has hundreds of endangered species, including the Bald Uakari, the Golden Lion Tamarin, the Amazonian Manatee, the long-tailed otter, the thin-spined porcupine, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • They are endangered due to drastic deforestation in the habitats. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Two introduced species are water buffalos and giant African snails. There is a problem in the native __ ecosystems, but scientists are just now experimenting to see if invasive species are the cause.Nat __ <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • The Brazil National Wildlife Legislation is working to protect wild species by prevention the capturin of wild species, such as Cetaceans, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazil’s rate of growth is 7.5%. It’s doubling time is 9.3 years which is significantly lower than the world’s doubling time (61 years) <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazil’s birth rate is 17.79 births/1,000 population. Its death rate is 6.36. Brazil’s net migration rate is -0.09. The data does not agree with the rate of growth. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • This structure shows that <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> The fertility rate is low <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazil is in a stage 3, which <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> Somewhat developed, but not <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> All the way <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazils currently has no <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> Family planning, but they are <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> Working on it.

<span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazil’s top three resources are sugarcane, coffee, and oil/gas. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazil’s top export is crude oil, and its top import is computer accessories and parts. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Since the Amazon rainforest is one the most important forests in the world, and is being deforested rapidly, Brazil is starting to put microchips on trees to track the trees and see who is responsible for cutting them down. This will help sustain the forest very effectively. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • National Parks in Brazil: Amazonia National Park, Brasilia National Park, Caparaó National Park, Monte Pascoal National Park, Pau Brazil National Park, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazil has an traditional agriculture, growing sugarcane, coffee, corn, rice, wheat, soybeans, etc. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Brazil protects their crops from pests by using pesticides, and using free-tailed bats. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Many people can’t get the food they need by themselves or can’t afford it, so they need government assistance to do so. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • Water is obtained in the country by the Amazon River. <span style="direction: ltr; display: block; language: en-US; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 2.88pt; mso-line-break-override: none; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; word-break: normal;"> • The state of would improved significantly of the past couple years, with 77% improved sanitation.